“Neuro-ophthalmology” is the subspecialty that diagnoses and treats abnormalities of vision not caused by disorders of the eye itself. It includes disorders of the posterior visual pathways and neurological control of eye movements. These conditions include optic neuritis and other optic nerve disorders, papilloedema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, diplopia (double vision), and nystagmus.

“Neuropsychiatry” is the diagnosis and management of psychiatric conditions that present as neurological symptoms, or occur in the setting of neurological disease (eg acquired brain injury).